IPCC:AR6/SYR/SPM - Revision history

Laura: /* Synergies and Trade-Offs with Sustainable Development */

2026-06-01T09:28:13Z

Synergies and Trade-Offs with Sustainable Development

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	'''C.7 Finance, technology and international cooperation are critical enablers for accelerated climate action. If climate goals are to be achieved, both adaptation and mitigation financing would need to increase many-fold. There is sufficient global capital to close the global investment gaps but there are barriers to redirect capital to climate action. Enhancing technology innovation systems is key to accelerate the widespread adoption of technologies and practices. Enhancing international cooperation is possible through multiple channels. ''~~'''(~~high confidence~~)'''~~'' Links to longer report 2.3, 4.8'''		'''C.7 Finance, technology and international cooperation are critical enablers for accelerated climate action. If climate goals are to be achieved, both adaptation and mitigation financing would need to increase many-fold. There is sufficient global capital to close the global investment gaps but there are barriers to redirect capital to climate action. Enhancing technology innovation systems is key to accelerate the widespread adoption of technologies and practices. Enhancing international cooperation is possible through multiple channels. (''high confidence'') Links to longer report 2.3, 4.8'''
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Laura: /* Synergies and Trade-Offs with Sustainable Development */

2026-06-01T09:27:41Z

Synergies and Trade-Offs with Sustainable Development

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	'''C.5 Prioritising equity, climate justice, social justice, inclusion and just transition processes can enable adaptation and ambitious mitigation actions and climate resilient development. Adaptation outcomes are enhanced by increased support to regions and people with the highest vulnerability to climatic hazards. Integrating climate adaptation into social protection programs improves resilience. Many options are available for reducing emission-intensive consumption, including through behavioural and lifestyle changes, with co-benefits for societal well-being. ''~~'''(~~high confidence~~)'''~~'' Links to longer report 4.4, 4.5'''		'''C.5 Prioritising equity, climate justice, social justice, inclusion and just transition processes can enable adaptation and ambitious mitigation actions and climate resilient development. Adaptation outcomes are enhanced by increased support to regions and people with the highest vulnerability to climatic hazards. Integrating climate adaptation into social protection programs improves resilience. Many options are available for reducing emission-intensive consumption, including through behavioural and lifestyle changes, with co-benefits for societal well-being. (''high confidence'') Links to longer report 4.4, 4.5'''
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Laura: /* Synergies and Trade-Offs with Sustainable Development */

2026-06-01T09:27:21Z

Synergies and Trade-Offs with Sustainable Development

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	'''C.6 Effective climate action is enabled by political commitment, well-aligned multilevel governance, institutional frameworks, laws, policies and strategies and enhanced access to finance and technology. Clear goals, coordination across multiple policy domains, and inclusive governance processes facilitate effective climate action. Regulatory and economic instruments can support deep emissions reductions and climate resilience if scaled up and applied widely. Climate resilient development benefits from drawing on diverse knowledge. ''~~'''(~~high confidence~~)'''~~'' Links to longer report 2.2, 4.4, 4.5, 4.7'''		'''C.6 Effective climate action is enabled by political commitment, well-aligned multilevel governance, institutional frameworks, laws, policies and strategies and enhanced access to finance and technology. Clear goals, coordination across multiple policy domains, and inclusive governance processes facilitate effective climate action. Regulatory and economic instruments can support deep emissions reductions and climate resilience if scaled up and applied widely. Climate resilient development benefits from drawing on diverse knowledge. (''high confidence'') Links to longer report 2.2, 4.4, 4.5, 4.7'''
	<div id="spmbulletcont-c6" class="spmbulletcont"></div>		<div id="spmbulletcont-c6" class="spmbulletcont"></div>

Laura: /* The Benefits of Near-Term Action */

2026-06-01T09:26:32Z

The Benefits of Near-Term Action

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	'''C.2 Deep, rapid and sustained mitigation and accelerated implementation of adaptation actions in this decade would reduce projected losses and damages for humans and ecosystems ''(very high confidence)'' , and deliver many co-benefits, especially for air quality and health ''(high confidence)'' . Delayed mitigation and adaptation action would lock-in high-emissions infrastructure, raise risks of stranded assets and cost-escalation, reduce feasibility, and increase losses and damages ''(high confidence)'' . Near-term actions involve high up-front investments and potentially disruptive changes that can be lessened by a range of enabling policies ''(high confidence)'' . ''Links to longer report 2.1, 2.2, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4, 4.5, 4.6, 4.7, 4.8'''''		'''C.2 Deep, rapid and sustained mitigation and accelerated implementation of adaptation actions in this decade would reduce projected losses and damages for humans and ecosystems ''(very high confidence)'', and deliver many co-benefits, especially for air quality and health ''(high confidence)''. Delayed mitigation and adaptation action would lock-in high-emissions infrastructure, raise risks of stranded assets and cost-escalation, reduce feasibility, and increase losses and damages ''(high confidence)''. Near-term actions involve high up-front investments and potentially disruptive changes that can be lessened by a range of enabling policies ''(high confidence)''. ''Links to longer report 2.1, 2.2, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4, 4.5, 4.6, 4.7, 4.8'''''
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	<span id="mitigati-on-and-adaptation-options-across-systems"></span>		<span id="mitigati-on-and-adaptation-options-across-systems"></span>

	=== Mitigati on and Adaptation Options across Systems ===		=== Mitigati on and Adaptation Options across Systems ===

Laura: /* Urgency of Near-Term Integrated Climate Action */

2026-06-01T09:26:13Z

Urgency of Near-Term Integrated Climate Action

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	'''C.1 Climate change is a threat to human well-being and planetary health ''(very high confidence)'' . There is a rapidly closing window of opportunity to secure a liveable and sustainable future for all ''(very high confidence)'' . Climate resilient development integrates adaptation and mitigation to advance sustainable development for all, and is enabled by increased international cooperation including improved access to adequate financial resources, particularly for vulnerable regions, sectors and groups, and inclusive governance and coordinated policies ''(high confidence)'' . The choices and actions implemented in this decade will have impacts now and for thousands of years ''(high confidence).'' [[#figure-spm-1\|Figure SPM.1]] [[#figure-spm-6\|Figure SPM.6]] Links to longer report 3.1, 3.3, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4, 4.7, 4.8, 4.9, Figure 3.1, Figure 3.3, Figure 4.2'''		'''C.1 Climate change is a threat to human well-being and planetary health ''(very high confidence)''. There is a rapidly closing window of opportunity to secure a liveable and sustainable future for all ''(very high confidence)''. Climate resilient development integrates adaptation and mitigation to advance sustainable development for all, and is enabled by increased international cooperation including improved access to adequate financial resources, particularly for vulnerable regions, sectors and groups, and inclusive governance and coordinated policies ''(high confidence)'' . The choices and actions implemented in this decade will have impacts now and for thousands of years ''(high confidence).'' [[#figure-spm-1\|Figure SPM.1]] [[#figure-spm-6\|Figure SPM.6]] Links to longer report 3.1, 3.3, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4, 4.7, 4.8, 4.9, Figure 3.1, Figure 3.3, Figure 4.2'''
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	<span id="the-benefits-of-near-term-action"></span>		<span id="the-benefits-of-near-term-action"></span>

	=== The Benefits of Near-Term Action ===		=== The Benefits of Near-Term Action ===

Laura: /* Overshoot: Exceeding a Warming Level and Returning */

2026-06-01T09:25:31Z

Overshoot: Exceeding a Warming Level and Returning

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	'''B.7 If warming exceeds a specified level such as 1.5°C, it could gradually be reduced again by achieving and sustaining net negative global CO '''''2''''' emissions. This would require additional deployment of carbon dioxide removal, compared to pathways without overshoot, leading to greater feasibility and sustainability concerns. Overshoot entails adverse impacts, some irreversible, and additional risks for human and natural systems, all growing with the magnitude and duration of overshoot. ''~~'''(~~high confidence~~)'''~~'' Links to longer report 3.1, 3.3, 3.4, Table 3.1, Figure 3.6'''		'''B.7 If warming exceeds a specified level such as 1.5°C, it could gradually be reduced again by achieving and sustaining net negative global CO '''''2''''' emissions. This would require additional deployment of carbon dioxide removal, compared to pathways without overshoot, leading to greater feasibility and sustainability concerns. Overshoot entails adverse impacts, some irreversible, and additional risks for human and natural systems, all growing with the magnitude and duration of overshoot. (''high confidence'') Links to longer report 3.1, 3.3, 3.4, Table 3.1, Figure 3.6'''
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	<span id="c.-responses-in-the-near-term"></span>		<span id="c.-responses-in-the-near-term"></span>

	== C. Responses in the Near Term ==		== C. Responses in the Near Term ==

Laura: /* Mitigation Pathways */

2026-06-01T09:25:07Z

Mitigation Pathways

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	'''B.6 All global modelled pathways that limit warming to 1.5°C (>50%) with no or limited overshoot, and those that limit warming to 2°C (>67%), involve rapid and deep and, in most cases, immediate greenhouse gas emissions reductions in all sectors this decade. Global net zero CO '''''2''''' emissions are reached for these pathway categories, in the early 2050s and around the early 2070s, respectively. ''~~'''(~~high confidence~~)'''~~'' [[#figure-spm-5\|Figure SPM.5]] [[#box-spm-1\|Box SPM.1]] Links to longer report 3.3, 3.4, 4.1, 4.5, Table 3.1'''		'''B.6 All global modelled pathways that limit warming to 1.5°C (>50%) with no or limited overshoot, and those that limit warming to 2°C (>67%), involve rapid and deep and, in most cases, immediate greenhouse gas emissions reductions in all sectors this decade. Global net zero CO '''''2''''' emissions are reached for these pathway categories, in the early 2050s and around the early 2070s, respectively. (''high confidence'') [[#figure-spm-5\|Figure SPM.5]] [[#box-spm-1\|Box SPM.1]] Links to longer report 3.3, 3.4, 4.1, 4.5, Table 3.1'''
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	<span id="overshoot-exceeding-a-warming-level-and-returning"></span>		<span id="overshoot-exceeding-a-warming-level-and-returning"></span>

	=== Overshoot: Exceeding a Warming Level and Returning ===		=== Overshoot: Exceeding a Warming Level and Returning ===

Laura: /* Carbon Budgets and Net Zero Emissions */

2026-06-01T09:24:48Z

Carbon Budgets and Net Zero Emissions

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	'''B.5 Limiting human-caused global warming requires net zero CO '''''2''''' emissions. Cumulative carbon emissions until the time of reaching net zero CO '''''2''''' emissions and the level of greenhouse gas emission reductions this decade largely determine whether warming can be limited to 1.5°C or 2°C ''~~'''(~~high confidence~~)'''~~'' . Projected CO '''''2''''' emissions from existing fossil fuel infrastructure without additional abatement would exceed the remaining carbon budget for 1.5°C (50%) ''~~'''(~~high confidence~~)'''~~'' . Links to longer report 2.3, 3.1, 3.3, Table 3.1'''		'''B.5 Limiting human-caused global warming requires net zero CO '''''2''''' emissions. Cumulative carbon emissions until the time of reaching net zero CO '''''2''''' emissions and the level of greenhouse gas emission reductions this decade largely determine whether warming can be limited to 1.5°C or 2°C (''high confidence''). Projected CO '''''2''''' emissions from existing fossil fuel infrastructure without additional abatement would exceed the remaining carbon budget for 1.5°C (50%) (''high confidence''). Links to longer report 2.3, 3.1, 3.3, Table 3.1'''
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	<span id="mitigation-pathways"></span>		<span id="mitigation-pathways"></span>

	=== Mitigation Pathways ===		=== Mitigation Pathways ===

Laura: /* Climate Change Impacts and Climate-Related Risks */

2026-06-01T09:23:53Z

Climate Change Impacts and Climate-Related Risks

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	'''B.2 For any given future warming level, many climate-related risks are higher than assessed in AR5, and projected long-term impacts are up to multiple times higher than currently observed ''~~'''(~~high confidence~~)'''~~'' . Risks and projected adverse impacts and related losses and damages from climate change escalate with every increment of global warming ''~~'''(~~very high confidence~~)'''~~'' . Climatic and non-climatic risks will increasingly interact, creating compound and cascading risks that are more complex and difficult to manage ''~~'''(~~high confidence~~)'''~~'' . [[#figure-spm-3\|Figure SPM.3]] [[#figure-spm-4\|Figure SPM.4]] Links to longer report Cross-Section Box.2, 3.1, 4.3, Figure 3.3, Figure 4.3'''		'''B.2 For any given future warming level, many climate-related risks are higher than assessed in AR5, and projected long-term impacts are up to multiple times higher than currently observed (''high confidence''). Risks and projected adverse impacts and related losses and damages from climate change escalate with every increment of global warming (''very high confidence''). Climatic and non-climatic risks will increasingly interact, creating compound and cascading risks that are more complex and difficult to manage (''high confidence''). [[#figure-spm-3\|Figure SPM.3]] [[#figure-spm-4\|Figure SPM.4]] Links to longer report Cross-Section Box.2, 3.1, 4.3, Figure 3.3, Figure 4.3'''
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	<span id="likelihood-and-risks-of-unavoidable-irreversible-or-abrupt-changes"></span>		<span id="likelihood-and-risks-of-unavoidable-irreversible-or-abrupt-changes"></span>

	=== Likelihood and Risks of Unavoidable, Irreversible or Abrupt Changes ===		=== Likelihood and Risks of Unavoidable, Irreversible or Abrupt Changes ===

Laura: /* Future Climate Change */

2026-06-01T09:23:12Z

Future Climate Change

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	'''B.1 Continued greenhouse gas emissions will lead to increasing global warming, with the best estimate of reaching 1.5°C in the near term in considered scenarios and modelled pathways. Every increment of global warming will intensify multiple and concurrent hazards ''~~'''(~~high confidence~~)'''~~'' . Deep, rapid, and sustained reductions in greenhouse gas emissions would lead to a discernible slowdown in global warming within around two decades, and also to discernible changes in atmospheric composition within a few years ''~~'''(~~high confidence~~)'''~~'' . [[#figure-spm-2\|Figure SPM.2]] [[#box-spm-1\|Box SPM.1]] Links to longer report Cross-Section Boxes 1 and 2, 3.1, 3.3, Table 3.1, Figure 3.1, 4.3'''		'''B.1 Continued greenhouse gas emissions will lead to increasing global warming, with the best estimate of reaching 1.5°C in the near term in considered scenarios and modelled pathways. Every increment of global warming will intensify multiple and concurrent hazards (''high confidence'') . Deep, rapid, and sustained reductions in greenhouse gas emissions would lead to a discernible slowdown in global warming within around two decades, and also to discernible changes in atmospheric composition within a few years (''high confidence''). [[#figure-spm-2\|Figure SPM.2]] [[#box-spm-1\|Box SPM.1]] Links to longer report Cross-Section Boxes 1 and 2, 3.1, 3.3, Table 3.1, Figure 3.1, 4.3'''
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	<span id="climate-change-impacts-and-climate-related-risks"></span>		<span id="climate-change-impacts-and-climate-related-risks"></span>

	=== Climate Change Impacts and Climate-Related Risks ===		=== Climate Change Impacts and Climate-Related Risks ===