IPCC:AR6/SROCC/Chapter-1 - Revision history

Laura: /* Supplementary Material */

2026-06-01T06:30:47Z

Supplementary Material

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	To view the Supplementary Material for Chapter 1 click on the image below		To view the Supplementary Material for Chapter 1 click on the image below

	<!-- START SM IMG -->		<!-- START SM IMG -->
	[https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/sites/3/2019/11/SROCC_Ch01-SM_FINAL.pdf [[File:eecbb62944ec6dcb26ddbe2c4288dca9 SROCC-Ch1-SM-Cover.jpg]]]		[https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/sites/3/2019/11/SROCC_Ch01-SM_FINAL.pdf [[File:eecbb62944ec6dcb26ddbe2c4288dca9 SROCC-Ch1-SM-Cover.jpg\|200px]]]

	<!-- END IMG -->		<!-- END IMG -->

Laura: /* CCB.5 Confidence and Deep Uncertainty */

2026-06-01T06:21:36Z

CCB.5 Confidence and Deep Uncertainty

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	The three cases validate the continued iterative process required to meaningfully engage with deep uncertainty in situations of risk, through means such as elicitation, deliberation and application of expert judgement, scenario building and invoking multiple lines of evidence. These approaches demonstrate feasible ways to address or even reduce deep uncertainty in complex decision situations (see also Marchau et al., 2019a), considering that possible obstacles and time investment needed to address deep uncertainty, should not be underestimated.		The three cases validate the continued iterative process required to meaningfully engage with deep uncertainty in situations of risk, through means such as elicitation, deliberation and application of expert judgement, scenario building and invoking multiple lines of evidence. These approaches demonstrate feasible ways to address or even reduce deep uncertainty in complex decision situations (see also Marchau et al., 2019a), considering that possible obstacles and time investment needed to address deep uncertainty, should not be underestimated.
			</div>
			<span id="integrated-storyline-of-this-special-report"></span>

	~~<span id="integrated-storyline-of-this-special-report"></span>~~
	== 1.10 Integrated Storyline of this Special Report ==		== 1.10 Integrated Storyline of this Special Report ==

Laura: /* 1.9.2 Communication of Confidence in Assessment Findings */

2026-06-01T06:21:18Z

1.9.2 Communication of Confidence in Assessment Findings

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	<span id="ccb.5-confidence-and-deep-uncertainty"></span>		<span id="ccb.5-confidence-and-deep-uncertainty"></span>
			<div class="container-box col-cross">

	== CCB.5 Confidence and Deep Uncertainty ==		== CCB.5 Confidence and Deep Uncertainty ==

Laura: /* CCB.4 Indigenous Knowledge and Local Knowledge in Ocean and Cryosphere Change */

2026-06-01T06:20:27Z

CCB.4 Indigenous Knowledge and Local Knowledge in Ocean and Cryosphere Change

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	''Perspectives from the Inuit Circumpolar Council (ICC), Canada'' : Engaging Inuit as partners across all climate research disciplines ensures that Inuit knowledge and priorities guide research, monitoring, and the reporting of results in Inuit homeland. Doing so enhances the effectiveness, impact, and usefulness of global assessments, and ensures that Inuit knowledge is appropriately reported in assessments. Inuit seek to achieve self-determination in all aspects of research carried out in Inuit homeland (e.g., Nickels et al., 2005). Inuit actively produce and use climate research (e.g., ITK, 2005; ICC, 2015) and lead approaches to address climate challenges spurred by great incentive to develop innovative solutions. Engaging Inuit representative organisations and governments as partners in research recognises that the best available knowledge includes IK, enabling more robust climate research that in turn informs climate policy. When interpreted and applied properly, IK comes directly from research by Inuit and from an Inuit perspective (ICC, 2018). This can be achieved by working with Inuit on scoping and methodology for assessments and supporting inclusion of Inuit experts in research, analysis, and results dissemination.		''Perspectives from the Inuit Circumpolar Council (ICC), Canada'' : Engaging Inuit as partners across all climate research disciplines ensures that Inuit knowledge and priorities guide research, monitoring, and the reporting of results in Inuit homeland. Doing so enhances the effectiveness, impact, and usefulness of global assessments, and ensures that Inuit knowledge is appropriately reported in assessments. Inuit seek to achieve self-determination in all aspects of research carried out in Inuit homeland (e.g., Nickels et al., 2005). Inuit actively produce and use climate research (e.g., ITK, 2005; ICC, 2015) and lead approaches to address climate challenges spurred by great incentive to develop innovative solutions. Engaging Inuit representative organisations and governments as partners in research recognises that the best available knowledge includes IK, enabling more robust climate research that in turn informs climate policy. When interpreted and applied properly, IK comes directly from research by Inuit and from an Inuit perspective (ICC, 2018). This can be achieved by working with Inuit on scoping and methodology for assessments and supporting inclusion of Inuit experts in research, analysis, and results dissemination.
			</div>
	<span id="the-role-of-knowledge-in-peoples-responses-to-climate-ocean-and-cryosphere-change"></span>		<span id="the-role-of-knowledge-in-peoples-responses-to-climate-ocean-and-cryosphere-change"></span>
	=== 1.8.3 The Role of Knowledge in People’s Responses to Climate, Ocean and Cryosphere Change ===		=== 1.8.3 The Role of Knowledge in People’s Responses to Climate, Ocean and Cryosphere Change ===
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	<span id="approaches-taken-in-this-special-report"></span>		<span id="approaches-taken-in-this-special-report"></span>

	== 1.9 Approaches Taken in this Special Report ==		== 1.9 Approaches Taken in this Special Report ==

Laura: /* 1.8.2 Indigenous Knowledge and Local Knowledge */

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1.8.2 Indigenous Knowledge and Local Knowledge

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	<span id="ccb.4-indigenous-knowledge-and-local-knowledge-in-ocean-and-cryosphere-change"></span>		<span id="ccb.4-indigenous-knowledge-and-local-knowledge-in-ocean-and-cryosphere-change"></span>
			<div class="container-box col-cross">

	== CCB.4 Indigenous Knowledge and Local Knowledge in Ocean and Cryosphere Change ==		== CCB.4 Indigenous Knowledge and Local Knowledge in Ocean and Cryosphere Change ==

Laura: /* CCB.3 Governance of the Ocean, Coasts and the Cryosphere under Climate Change */

2026-06-01T06:17:35Z

CCB.3 Governance of the Ocean, Coasts and the Cryosphere under Climate Change

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	These cases illustrate four important points. First, new governance challenges are emerging due to climate change, including: disruptions to long-established cultures, livelihoods and even territorial sovereignty (Case 1); changes in the accessibility and availability of vital resources (Case 2); and the blurring of public and private boundaries of risk and responsibility through accelerated coastal erosion (Case 3; Figure CB3.1). Second, new governance arrangements are emerging to address these challenges, including participatory and networked structures linking formal and informal networks, and involving state, private sector, indigenous and civil society actors in different configurations (Figure CB3.2). Third, climate governance is a complex, contested and unfolding process, with governance actors and networks having to learn from experience, to innovate and develop context-relevant arrangements that can be adjusted in the face of ongoing change. Lastly, there is no single climate governance panacea for the ocean, coasts and cryosphere. Empirical evidence on which governance arrangements work well in which context is still limited, but ‘good governance’ norms indicate the importance of inclusivity, fairness, deliberation, reflexivity, responsiveness, social learning, the co-production of knowledge and respect for ethnic and cultural diversity.		These cases illustrate four important points. First, new governance challenges are emerging due to climate change, including: disruptions to long-established cultures, livelihoods and even territorial sovereignty (Case 1); changes in the accessibility and availability of vital resources (Case 2); and the blurring of public and private boundaries of risk and responsibility through accelerated coastal erosion (Case 3; Figure CB3.1). Second, new governance arrangements are emerging to address these challenges, including participatory and networked structures linking formal and informal networks, and involving state, private sector, indigenous and civil society actors in different configurations (Figure CB3.2). Third, climate governance is a complex, contested and unfolding process, with governance actors and networks having to learn from experience, to innovate and develop context-relevant arrangements that can be adjusted in the face of ongoing change. Lastly, there is no single climate governance panacea for the ocean, coasts and cryosphere. Empirical evidence on which governance arrangements work well in which context is still limited, but ‘good governance’ norms indicate the importance of inclusivity, fairness, deliberation, reflexivity, responsiveness, social learning, the co-production of knowledge and respect for ethnic and cultural diversity.
			</div>
			<span id="knowledge-systems-for-understanding-and-responding-to-change"></span>

	~~<span id="knowledge-systems-for-understanding-and-responding-to-change"></span>~~
	== 1.8 Knowledge Systems for Understanding and Responding to Change ==		== 1.8 Knowledge Systems for Understanding and Responding to Change ==

Laura: /* 1.7 Governance and Institutions */

2026-06-01T06:17:11Z

1.7 Governance and Institutions

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	<span id="ccb.3-governance-of-the-ocean-coasts-and-the-cryosphere-under-climate-change"></span>		<span id="ccb.3-governance-of-the-ocean-coasts-and-the-cryosphere-under-climate-change"></span>
			<div class="container-box col-cross">

	== CCB.3 Governance of the Ocean, Coasts and the Cryosphere under Climate Change ==		== CCB.3 Governance of the Ocean, Coasts and the Cryosphere under Climate Change ==

Laura: /* CCB.2 Key Concepts of Risk, Adaptation, Resilience and Transformation */

2026-06-01T06:16:36Z

CCB.2 Key Concepts of Risk, Adaptation, Resilience and Transformation

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	<span id="figure-cb2.1-there-are-options-for-risk-reduction-through-adaptation.-adaptation-can-reduce-risk-by-addressing-one-or-more-of-the-three-risk-factors-vulnerability-exposure-andor-hazard.-the-reduction-of-vulnerability-exposure-andor-hazard-potential-can-be-achieved-through-different-policy-and-action-choices-over-time-until-limits-to-adaptation-might-be-reached."></span>		<span id="figure-cb2.1-there-are-options-for-risk-reduction-through-adaptation.-adaptation-can-reduce-risk-by-addressing-one-or-more-of-the-three-risk-factors-vulnerability-exposure-andor-hazard.-the-reduction-of-vulnerability-exposure-andor-hazard-potential-can-be-achieved-through-different-policy-and-action-choices-over-time-until-limits-to-adaptation-might-be-reached."></span>

	<!-- IMG CAPTION -->		<!-- IMG CAPTION -->
	'''Figure CB2.1 \| There are options for risk reduction through adaptation. Adaptation can reduce risk by addressing one or more of the three risk factors: vulnerability, exposure, and/or hazard. The reduction of vulnerability, exposure, and/or hazard potential can be achieved through different policy and action choices over time until limits to adaptation might be reached. […]'''		'''Figure CB2.1 \| There are options for risk reduction through adaptation. Adaptation can reduce risk by addressing one or more of the three risk factors: vulnerability, exposure, and/or hazard. The reduction of vulnerability, exposure, and/or hazard potential can be achieved through different policy and action choices over time until limits to adaptation might be reached. […]'''

	<!-- IMG FILE -->		<!-- IMG FILE -->
	[[File:94b04351483e95b40f4d90d6457750d7 IPCC-SROCC-CB_2_1.jpg]]		[[File:94b04351483e95b40f4d90d6457750d7 IPCC-SROCC-CB_2_1.jpg]]
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	Much of the adaptation and resilience literature published since AR5 highlights the need for transformations that enable effective climate change mitigation (most notably, to decarbonise the economy) (Riahi et al., 2017<sup>[[#fn:r212\|212]]</sup>), and support adaptation (e.g., Pelling et al., 2015; Few et al., 2017<sup>[[#fn:r213\|213]]</sup>). Transformation becomes particularly relevant when existing mitigation and adaptation practices cannot reduce risks and impacts to an acceptable level. Transformative adaptation, therefore, involves fundamental modifications of policies, policy making processes, institutions, human behaviour and cultural values (Pelling et al., 2015<sup>[[#fn:r214\|214]]</sup>; Solecki et al., 2017<sup>[[#fn:r215\|215]]</sup>). Successful transformation requires attention to conditions that allow for such changes, including timing (e.g., windows of opportunity), social readiness (e.g., some level of willingness) and resources to act (e.g., trust, human skill and financial resources; Kofinas et al., 2013<sup>[[#fn:r216\|216]]</sup>; Moore et al., 2014<sup>[[#fn:r217\|217]]</sup>). Examples related to SROCC include shifting from a paradigm of protection reliant on seawalls to living with saltwater as a response to coastal flooding in rural areas (Renaud et al., 2015<sup>[[#fn:r218\|218]]</sup>) or involving fundamental risk management changes in coastal megacities, including retreat (Solecki et al., 2017<sup>[[#fn:r219\|219]]</sup>). Transformation in changing ocean and cryosphere contexts can be fostered by transdisciplinary collaboration between actors in science, government, the private sector, civil society and affected communities (Padmanabhan, 2017<sup>[[#fn:r220\|220]]</sup>; Cross-Chapter Box 3 in Chapter 1; Cross-Chapter Box 4 in Chapter 1).		Much of the adaptation and resilience literature published since AR5 highlights the need for transformations that enable effective climate change mitigation (most notably, to decarbonise the economy) (Riahi et al., 2017<sup>[[#fn:r212\|212]]</sup>), and support adaptation (e.g., Pelling et al., 2015; Few et al., 2017<sup>[[#fn:r213\|213]]</sup>). Transformation becomes particularly relevant when existing mitigation and adaptation practices cannot reduce risks and impacts to an acceptable level. Transformative adaptation, therefore, involves fundamental modifications of policies, policy making processes, institutions, human behaviour and cultural values (Pelling et al., 2015<sup>[[#fn:r214\|214]]</sup>; Solecki et al., 2017<sup>[[#fn:r215\|215]]</sup>). Successful transformation requires attention to conditions that allow for such changes, including timing (e.g., windows of opportunity), social readiness (e.g., some level of willingness) and resources to act (e.g., trust, human skill and financial resources; Kofinas et al., 2013<sup>[[#fn:r216\|216]]</sup>; Moore et al., 2014<sup>[[#fn:r217\|217]]</sup>). Examples related to SROCC include shifting from a paradigm of protection reliant on seawalls to living with saltwater as a response to coastal flooding in rural areas (Renaud et al., 2015<sup>[[#fn:r218\|218]]</sup>) or involving fundamental risk management changes in coastal megacities, including retreat (Solecki et al., 2017<sup>[[#fn:r219\|219]]</sup>). Transformation in changing ocean and cryosphere contexts can be fostered by transdisciplinary collaboration between actors in science, government, the private sector, civil society and affected communities (Padmanabhan, 2017<sup>[[#fn:r220\|220]]</sup>; Cross-Chapter Box 3 in Chapter 1; Cross-Chapter Box 4 in Chapter 1).
			</div>
	<span id="hazards-and-opportunities-for-natural-systems-ecosystems-and-human-systems"></span>		<span id="hazards-and-opportunities-for-natural-systems-ecosystems-and-human-systems"></span>
	=== 1.5.1 Hazards and Opportunities for Natural Systems, Ecosystems, and Human Systems ===		=== 1.5.1 Hazards and Opportunities for Natural Systems, Ecosystems, and Human Systems ===
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	<span id="addressing-the-causes-and-consequences-of-climate-change-for-the-ocean-and-cryosphere"></span>		<span id="addressing-the-causes-and-consequences-of-climate-change-for-the-ocean-and-cryosphere"></span>

	== 1.6 Addressing the Causes and Consequences of Climate Change for the Ocean and Cryosphere ==		== 1.6 Addressing the Causes and Consequences of Climate Change for the Ocean and Cryosphere ==

Laura: /* 1.5 Risk and Impacts Related to Ocean and Cryosphere Change */

2026-06-01T06:15:58Z

1.5 Risk and Impacts Related to Ocean and Cryosphere Change

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	<span id="ccb.2-key-concepts-of-risk-adaptation-resilience-and-transformation"></span>		<span id="ccb.2-key-concepts-of-risk-adaptation-resilience-and-transformation"></span>
			<div class="container-box col-cross">

	== CCB.2 Key Concepts of Risk, Adaptation, Resilience and Transformation ==		== CCB.2 Key Concepts of Risk, Adaptation, Resilience and Transformation ==

Laura: /* CCB.1 Scenarios, Pathways and Reference Periods */

2026-06-01T06:15:23Z

CCB.1 Scenarios, Pathways and Reference Periods

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	b The 5 – 95% model range for global mean sea surface temperature, surface pH and dissolved oxygen (100 – 600 m) as referred to in the SROCC assessment as the ''very likely'' range (Section 1.9.2, Figure 1.4).		b The 5 – 95% model range for global mean sea surface temperature, surface pH and dissolved oxygen (100 – 600 m) as referred to in the SROCC assessment as the ''very likely'' range (Section 1.9.2, Figure 1.4).
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			<span id="risk-and-impacts-related-to-ocean-and-cryosphere-change"></span>

	~~<span id="risk-and-impacts-related-to-ocean-and-cryosphere-change"></span>~~
	== 1.5 Risk and Impacts Related to Ocean and Cryosphere Change ==		== 1.5 Risk and Impacts Related to Ocean and Cryosphere Change ==